FDA Food Labeling Guide for Food Businesses in USA

A food label is a promise to your customers. It builds trust and communicates your commitment to quality. 

But a single labeling mistake can break that trust, trigger an FDA inspection, or lead to a costly recall. For food businesses in the USA, understanding FDA food labeling requirements is essential to protecting your brand and your customers.

This guide explains the core requirements for food labels, how to avoid common mistakes, and what to expect from new FDA regulations.

Key Takeaways:

• FDA food labeling is about building consumer trust, not just meeting regulations.

• Labels are organized into three main sections: the Principal Display Panel (PDP), the Information Panel, and the Nutrition Facts panel.

• The FDA has proposed new front-of-package labeling rules for 2025 to highlight nutrients of concern.

• Specific formatting, like type size (e.g., 1/16 inch), is legally required.

• Undeclared allergens are a leading cause of food recalls.

Why FDA Labeling Compliance Matters

FDA labeling compliance is critical for several reasons:

• Ensures Consumer Safety: Accurate ingredient and allergen information protects consumers from potential health risks.

• Prevents Misleading Claims: Regulations prevent false or misleading marketing, ensuring consumers are not deceived.

• Promotes Food Safety: Proper handling and storage instructions prevent foodborne illnesses.

• Avoids Operational Disruptions: Accurate labels minimize the risk of recalls and supply chain disruptions.

How to Structure Your Food Label

FDA regulations divide the food label into three main sections, each with specific requirements.

1. The Principal Display Panel (PDP)

The PDP is the front of your package. It’s the first thing consumers see and must include:

• Statement of Identity: The common or legal name of the food (e.g., “Oatmeal Cookies”).

• Net Quantity of Contents: The amount of food in the package, in both U.S. and metric units (e.g., “Net Wt. 16 oz (453 g)”). This must appear in the bottom 30% of the PDP.

2. The Information Panel

The Information Panel is typically to the right of the PDP and contains critical compliance details:

• Ingredient Statement: All ingredients listed in descending order by weight. The type size must be at least 1/16 inch.

• Allergen Declaration: A clear statement of any of the nine major food allergens (milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybeans, and sesame).

• Manufacturer’s Information: The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor.

3. The Nutrition Facts Panel

Most packaged foods require a Nutrition Facts panel. It must follow a specific format and include:

• Serving Size and Servings Per Container

• Calories

• Nutrient Amounts (e.g., Total Fat, Sodium, Total Carbohydrates, Protein)

• Percent Daily Value (%DV)

Critical 2025 FDA Labeling Changes

The FDA has proposed a new rule requiring front-of-package nutrition labels to highlight saturated fat, sodium, and added sugars.

This is based on the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which identify these nutrients as being overconsumed. 

The proposed “Nutrition Info box” would make it easier for consumers to make healthier choices at a glance.

Common Labeling Mistakes to Avoid

• Incorrect Ingredient List: Forgetting to list an ingredient or listing them in the wrong order.

• Undeclared Allergens: A leading cause of recalls.

• Improper Formatting: Using the wrong type size or placing information in the wrong location.

• Unauthorized Claims: Making claims like “low fat” or “high fiber” without meeting the FDA’s specific criteria.

Optional Labeling Elements

While not required by the FDA, some elements are common on food labels:

• Barcodes (UPC): Often required by retailers.

• Expiration or “Best By” Dates: May be required by state law or for certain products.

Legal Support for Food Labeling Compliance

Navigating FDA food labeling requirements can be challenging. An experienced FDA compliance firm can review your labels, help you respond to enforcement actions, and provide strategic guidance.

Bustos Law Group offers comprehensive legal services to help food businesses create compliant and effective labels.

Final Thoughts

Accurate and compliant food labeling is a cornerstone of a successful food business. By understanding the requirements, implementing strong review processes, and seeking legal guidance when needed, you can build consumer trust and protect your business from regulatory risk.